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Hydroponic Gardening is the system in which plants can be made to grow without soil. Using hydroponics to grow plants can be beneficial for many growers since it allows plants to be grown much faster and many times with less problems.
Plants are grown in a solution which consists of water and dissolved nutrients required for the particular plant. There are several hydroponics techniques and systems that are used in producing thriving plants
The different types of hydroponics systems and techniques include the nutrient film technique (or NFT), aeroponics, and the aeration technique.
With the aeroponics technique, plants are secured using rigid pipes, screens, or films. The nutrients are dissolved into the plants' water supply and the plants' roots are suspended within the water. The plant then obtains its food nutrients directly from the water or from an air mist which is sprayed directly onto the plant roots.
Hydroponic gardening also requires the use growing media. Different mediums can be used which have to retain the food rich moisture. They must also be able to physically support the plant roots. The following have been the most effective media so far: expanded clay, perlite, styrofoam, sand, rockwool, vermiculite, pea gravel.
Many types plants that can be grown in a hydroponics system. Some plants will grow better in hydroponics system than others, but some of the most popular are lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, herbs, watercress, and various other edible plants.
Tree seedlings and flowers can also be grown using hydroponics. Hydroponic greenhouses have been producing millions of plant seedlings every year. These are then transplanted and grown at other locations where they are later planted into soil.
If you are just a beginner at hydroponic gardening, you will no doubt be satisfied with the quality of your crops and the faster rate of growth. Hydroponically grown plants will grow and mature faster and yield an earlier harvest of vegetable crops.
There are many benefits to growing your own plants in a hydroponics system. Hydroponic gardening doesn't require a fertile farmland or a large water supply growing plants. Vegetable and plants can be grown year round. Hydroponic vegetables and plants in almost any small space, or a basement, or even an apartment balcony.
The hydroponic systems require less space because the plant roots don't have to spread and search for food and water. The smaller space requirement makes hydroponic gardening perfect for limited space home gardeners.
Hydroponic plants can also be grown in nurseries and greenhouses as well. The benefit of growing these plants without soil in a sterile medium includes not having to remove weeds or dealing with soil-borne pests and diseases. And since all the nutrients necessary for the plant are readily avaliable to it, the plant is noticeably healthier than the plants grown in soil.
The greatest benefit to hydroponic gardening is the ability to automate the hydroponics system with timers and remote monitoring equipment. This reduces the time it takes to maintain the plants and the growing environment. It also allows the grower to leave their system for long periods of time without worrying about watering plants.
Hydroponic growing without the use of soil is not simple, but with time it will become an easy routine. Hydroponics offers the advantage of many techniques that can be beneficial to your plants and produce a richer and healthier plant.
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In recent years, hydroponic gardens have become increasingly popular among home gardeners. Homemade hydroponic systems are a different and fun way to grow fruits and vegetables at home without using soil. Below are a few of the most popular homemade hydroponic systems.
The Tank System
One of the easiest homemade hydroponic systems to assemble is the water culture raft system, which makes use of an old fish tank or aquarium. This system works well for vegetable gardens especially, and you can assemble one for around fifty dollars using materials you can get at your local hardware store. You may even have some of the materials just lying around the house.
To make this system, cut a 1" thick Styrofoam sheet to fit the top of an old fish tank or similar container. Then make holes in the Styrofoam for your plant roots. Make two small holes near the top of opposite sides of your fish tank for air tubing to go through. Attach this tubing near the bottom of the tank with air stones and attach the other end of the tubing to the air pump.
Cover the tank with foil so that light does not get in to the tank. Fill your tank with nutrient solution, then float the Styrofoam on top of it. Place your plants in the holes you cut for them in the Styrofoam in such a way that their roots dangle in the solution. You can hold the plants in place using filter floss.
The Bucket System
Another one of the most popular homemade hydroponic systems is the "ebb and flow" system. This system can be made with two large buckets. Simply drill a hole in both buckets about a half-inch from the bottom and connect them with tubing. You should have enough tubing to place one of the buckets on a platform while the other bucket, which will hold the nutrient solution, is left on the floor.
Place a couple inches of gravel in the bucket that your plants are to grow in, then cover it with a fine mesh plastic screen. The screen should fit tightly to the sides of the bucket. On top of the screen, place perlite, rockwool, coconut fiber, or whatever other growth medium you have chosen to use.
After you have planted your seeds in the growth medium, fill the second bucket with nutrient solution and cover it with a lid to keep out foreign debris and dust. Then lift the nutrient bucket so it is on the platform with your grow bucket. This will allow the nutrient solution to flood your plants.
After your plants have been well soaked, place the nutrient bucket back on the floor. This process of flooding and draining your grow bucket will need to be repeated several times a day.
The Wick System
A third easy-to-make hydroponic system is the wick system. It is built much like the bucket ebb and flow system except that the two buckets are connected with a highly absorbent wick rather than tubing. As the growth medium gets dry, more solution is pulled up the wick by capillary action, eliminating the need to continually lift and lower the nutrient bucket.
The wick method allows plants receive a steady flow of solution without being flooded and drained several times a day. It is best to use this system with water-loving leafy vegetables, since the grow medium always remains soaked.
These are just very brief descriptions of three simple homemade hydroponic systems. There are many variations of these systems for the beginning gardener. To learn more, you might want to consider buying a book on hydroponics, or browse YouTube for instructional videos on how to make your own hydroponic system.
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A common misconception of hydroponic gardening is that you never have to worry about dealing with pests and bugs. Many growers wish this was true because the fact of the matter is that even in a soil less garden you have to deal with some of the same kinds of critters that can damage traditional gardens. Fortunately, with a little knowledge and quick action, you can easily prevent or minimize the damage caused by bugs to your plants and hydroponics supplies.
Here are a few of the more common pests found on plants in hydroponics systems.
Aphids - They are numerous varieties of aphids and their coloration can vary from black, brown, very light colored, or yellow. They often leave a sticky residue on your plants which causes the plants to grow in a deformed or twisted manner. They also typically carry viruses that can affect the growth or even kill your plants. A typical sign of an aphid infestation is the presence of little white exoskeletons which the aphids have molted off. After identifying that you have an aphid problem, you should remove the damage leaves, wash the remaining leaves, and spray them with an insecticidal soap.
Whitefly - Whiteflies are typically seen in larger systems that use more extensive hydroponics supplies. They often resemble very small moths but they actually more closely related to aphids. They often hide on the underside of leaves, sucking juice from them and causing serious damage. Like aphids, they are also carriers of numerous plant diseases, and can wreak havoc on your garden if unchecked. The most effective way of dealing with whiteflies is through biological control. A wasp called the Encarsia Formosa is a natural enemy of the whitefly. Introducing the encarsia to a whitefly infected garden has proven to be an effective and safe way to deal with this pest.
Fungus Gnat - The fungus gnat, also known as the sciarid fly, is a tiny black fly. The adult flies don't cause any damage to your plants directly, but can carry spores of fungi that can harm them. The real damage of the fungus gnat is in the larvae, which will feed on anything organic for a period of two weeks. The fungus gnat can be controlled with just about any general purpose insecticide. For larvae, it may be necessary to drench your medium in insecticide. When doing this it is a good idea to only start with one small section to see how it will affect your plants.
Spider Mite - Spider mites are very small, usually about 1/20th of an inch in length, so you may need a magnifying glass to identify them properly. They have eight legs, an oval shaped body, and two red dots on their backs. They can cause damage to your plants by sucking the contents of your leaves. There are several biological options for controlling spider mites. Their natural enemies include the western predatory mite, the sixspotted thrips, and the spider mite destroyer lady beetle.
If using hydroponic supplies such as an insecticidal soap to kill spider mites, make sure not to use any on water stressed plants, as this may cause further damage. You do, however, need to make sure to cover the affected areas thoroughly because spider mites need direct contact with the insecticide to die.
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Nobody in their right mind can argue the fact that tomatoes for example, used to taste far better a few decades ago when compared to their taste today, and it's hardly surprising really when one considers that they are no longer commercially grown for taste. Instead, good looks and the ability to withstand extended storage periods nowadays take preference over taste. Another contributing factor is the fact that commercially grown tomatoes are picked approximately two weeks prior to ripening, and it can then take a month or more before they appear on super market shelves, have been artificially ripened and colored in Ethylene gas chambers. Fortunately for us tomato lovers, tomatoes can be grown with relative ease, either in containers or in the garden.
Contrary to what many people tend to believe, a tomato is a fruit, rather than a vegetable and what's more, providing you pay attention to a few basic rules, and you provide adequate nutrients, tomatoes are unbelievably easy to grow in hydroponics. Of course, if you're going to be growing them indoors then you'll need to ensure they receive a suitable amount of light, and while strong sunlight from a nearby window may be sufficient, most indoor systems benefit from artificial lighting.
Of course, as with all hydroponic systems, tomatoes also require a growing solution which is rich in nutrients and because this supply then needs to be monitored, growers are in a position to control growth by means of temperature, humidity, lighting and of course, pH levels. Above all, a huge benefit of growing your tomatoes hydroponically is that you'll never need to concern yourself with weeds, common garden pests or diseases often present in soil.
Hydroponic Tomato Taste
Interestingly enough, the taste of hydroponically grown tomatoes can for the most part be enhanced by making certain adjustments to the solution in which they're grown. Having said that, tomatoes grown in hydroponics often have a higher nutritional value than regular commercially grown tomatoes, in addition to being far better tasting. It simply cannot be stressed enough that gas ripened tomatoes will never come close to tomatoes ripened on the vine.
Modern Hydroponic Systems
Nowadays, hydroponic systems nearly always come with detailed instructions and equipment which is easy to use, even by those with little experience. Furthermore, most systems can be set up at home, thus making them ideal for beginners and experienced growers alike. While the most basic hydroponic systems rely on a wick system, other methods include recovery drip systems, flood and drain systems or even NFT (nutrient film technique). Additionally, tomatoes can also be grown in an aeroponic system. In this case the plants are grown while being suspended in such a way so as to allow their roots to be sprayed with a nutrient rich solution.
Admittedly, tomatoes which have been grown in hydroponics look stunning but unfortunately they are seriously lacking in the culinary department. In fact, hydroponic tomatoes also contain less vitamin C than regular tomatoes simply because they're grown in a greenhouse, which in turn means they are deprived of two vital elements - sunlight and natural soil. Remember, if you buy tomatoes which have been grown in a greenhouse, their true freshness can be determined by looking at any remaining leaves or stems. If they're dried and wilted then those tomatoes are nowhere near as fresh as they may look.
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Hydroponic gardening is becoming increasingly popular these days. By growing plants in water and nutrient solution, you can save time, money and space while enjoying year round plants. Although there are many commercially produced nutrient solutions available to ensure the growth of your plants, it's possible to create your own homemade hydroponics nutrients, even if you have no previous experience.
Making your own nutrient mixtures can be nearly as enjoyable as growing the plants themselves. You can produce various kinds of solutions, so do your homework to determine which nutrients you need and in what concentrations, to best suit your plants' needs.
Homemade hydroponics nutrients have considerable advantages. The first is that you are able to create a solution that is completely organic. This will ensure that your plants contain zero inorganic material. There's no way to know exactly what you're feeding your plants when you give them store-purchased nutrient mixtures. Manufacturers must list all ingredients in their mixtures, but they may be impure or of unknown origin. You may be totally assured that you know about all of the ingredients that go into your plants by creating your own nutrient mixes.
The second major advantage of homemade hydroponics nutrients is that they allow you to match your plants' exact needs so that they grow just as you desire. To encourage your plants' enhanced growth, you can adjust the nutrients to match the requirements of your geographical region. Because of the many uncertainties in the growth of various plants, it's impossible to say just how helpful this step can be, though. Still, having complete control over what goes into the nutrients you feed your plants allows you to continuously attempt to find the best combination.
There are usually guarantees provided for solutions that you can buy in stores, but they may have shortcomings. There is nothing better than intervention by a human in the process of growing, and by controlling the nutrients your plants will become more your own.
You can place a personal touch on your plants in many ways, but the way that will have the greatest effect is by using homemade hydroponics nutrients. You may be new at growing plants hydroponically or you may have years of experience, but almost anyone can produce the ingredients required. Make up a base formula, do your homework, and do some cautious and careful experimentation. Most of all, have fun with this important aspect of hydroponic gardening.
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